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What is the ruling on swearing by other than Allah?

2026-09-21

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F29 · Selected fatwas

Shaykh Ibn Bāz

الشيخ عبد العزيز بن باز

Original Q&A · Full displayed answer

The whole answer retains repentance and the distinction between minor shirk in such oaths and the major-shirk case involving worship or equivalent veneration described by the author. The opening refers back to earlier programme discussion; that missing discussion is not invented.

النص العربي

السؤال الأصلي

أحمد عبدالله محمد علي جمعة، بعث يسأل ويقول: ما حكم الذين يحلفون بغير الله؟

الجواب

مثلما تقدم الحالف بغير الله من الشرك الأصغر، وعليهم التوبة إلى الله من ذلك، عليهم التوبة إلى الله من حلفه بغير الله، مثل: بالنبي، بالكعبة، بالأمانة، بشرف فلان، بحياة فلان، كله شرك، لكنه أصغر، فعليه التوبة إلى الله من ذلك، والندم، والإقلاع، والعزم ألا يعود في ذلك؛ لقوله ﷺ: من كان حالفا فليحلف بالله أو ليصمت وقال ﷺ: من كان حالفا فلا يحلف إلا بالله، أو ليصمت وقال -عليه الصلاة والسلام-: من حلف بشيء دون الله فقد أشرك.

فالواجب الحلف بالله وحده، فإذا حلف بغيره صار مشركا شركا أصغر، وقد يكون أكبر إذا قام في قلبه تعظيم هذا الشخص، مثل تعظيم الله، أو اعتقد أنه يصح أن يعبد من دون الله يكون شركا أكبر، بهذه النية، وبهذا القصد.

فالمقصود: إذا جرى على لسانه هذا شركا أصغر، أما إذا كان يرى أنه يصلح أن يعبد، ويدعى من دون الله، ويحلف به، وأنه يرى أن هذا أهل لذلك، أو يقوم بقلبه تعظيمه، مثلما يعظم الله بالعبادة هذا شرك أكبر، لكن جنس الحلف بغير الله شرك أصغر، ما لم يكن في قلبه تعظيم المخلوق، مثل تعظيم الله، بحيث يرى أنه يصلح للعبادة، يدعى أو يستغاث به أو يصلى له أو يصام له أو نحو ذلك، نعم.

English translation

English rendering prepared for SalafAlSalih.com from the cited complete Arabic answer; not an official translation.

Original question

Ahmad Abdullah Muhammad Ali Jumah writes to ask: What is the ruling on those who swear by other than Allah?

Answer

As mentioned earlier, swearing by other than Allah is minor shirk. Those who do so must repent to Allah. They must repent from swearing by other than Him—for example, by the Prophet, the Kabah, a trust, someone’s honour or someone’s life. All of these are shirk, but minor shirk. A person must repent to Allah, regret it, stop it and resolve not to repeat it. The Prophet ﷺ said, ‘Whoever swears an oath should swear by Allah or remain silent.’ He also said, ‘Whoever swears should swear only by Allah, or remain silent,’ and, peace and blessings be upon him, ‘Whoever swears by anything other than Allah has committed shirk.’

One must swear by Allah alone. If someone swears by another, he commits minor shirk. It may become major shirk if his heart venerates that person as it venerates Allah, or if he believes that the person may rightly be worshipped besides Allah. With that intention and purpose, it is major shirk.

The point is that when such an oath occurs on a person’s tongue, it is minor shirk. But if he considers the person fit to be worshipped, invoked besides Allah and sworn by, believing that the person deserves that, or if his heart venerates him as it venerates Allah through worship, then it is major shirk. As a category, however, swearing by other than Allah is minor shirk, unless the person’s heart venerates the created being as it venerates Allah, regarding that being as fit for worship: to be invoked, called upon for rescue, prayed to, fasted for or the like. Yes.

Source and editorial notes

Official Ibn Bāz website, fatwa 13614

الموقع الرسمي للشيخ عبد العزيز بن باز

Official website of Shaykh ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Bāz

Full original question and entire answer collated; replaces the historical selected excerpt. Entire original question on line11 and all three answer paragraphs on lines24–26 retained through the final yes. Presenter thanks follow and are excluded. Hadith wording is preserved as the author quotes it; no new report grading is inserted into his answer.

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